Total Quality Management MCQs

______________ is not a process tools for TQM systems

process flow analysis
histograms
plier
control charts

Processes that operate with "six sigma quality" over the short term are assumed to produce long-term defect levels below ______________ defects per mi...

2
2.4
3
3.4

Inspection, scrap, and repair are examples of ______________

internal costs
external costs
costs of dissatisfaction
societal costs

______________ are used in six sigma

black belt
green belt
both black belt and green belt
none of the Above

Customers are primarily concerned with ______________

Communication, courtesy, and credibility of the sales person
Competence, courtesy, and security of the sales person
Competence, responsiveness, and reliability of the sales person
Communication, responsiveness, and cleverness of the sales person

Assured quality is necessary for building customer confidence.

correct
correct to some extent
correct to great extent
incorrect

______________ is about supplying customers with what they want when they want it.

JUT
HET
JAT
JIT

______________ are the areas that will be covered by the organization processes

process areas
product Areas
private areas
preset areas

All of the following costs are likely to decrease as a result of better quality except ______________

customer dissatisfaction costs
inspection costs
maintenance costs
warranty and service costs

"Quality is defined by the customer" is

An unrealistic definition of quality
A user-based definition of quality
A manufacturing-based definition of quality
A product-based definition of quality

TQM stands for ______________

Total Quality Management
Total Quantity Management
Total Qualitative Management
To question management

After E.deming, who is considered to have the greatest impact in quality management?

Kauro Ishikawa
Joseph M. Juran
W.E. Deming
Genichi Tagucchi

Deming 4 step cycle for improvement is______________

plan, do, check, act
schedule, do, act, check
do, act, check, monitor
plan, control, act, sustain

In Six Sigma, a ______________ is defined as any process output that does not meet customer specifications

error
cost
quality
defect

Plan-do-study-act cycle is a procedure to ______________

Overall improvement
Continuous improvement
Permanent improvement
Immediate improvement

Quality practices must be carried out ______________

at the start of the project
throughout the life of the project
at the end of the project
no need to carry out quality practices

–––––––– are the charts that identify potential causes for particular quality problems.

Control Chart
Flow chart
Cause and Effect Diagram
Pareto chart

Quality circles work best if employees are initially trained in ______________

Group dynamics
Motivation principles
Communications
All of the three.

Quality Trilogy includes

Quality planning
quality improvement
quality control
All the three

production issues should be addressed early

correct
correct to some extent
correct to great extent
incorrect

QFD stands for ______________

Quantity for deployment
Quality for deployment
Quality function deployment
Quality for decision

inspection is part of the ______________

quality control
Quality Planning
Quality improvement
Quality circle

reliability is the degree to which a unit of equipment performs its intended function under for of time.

specified conditions; specified period
any condition; specified period
specified conditions; all periods
any condition; any period

Kaizen is a ______________ process, the purpose of which goes beyond simple productivity improvement.

weekly
daily
monthly
annual

elements of quality management system are ______________

organizational structure
responsibilities
procedures
all the three

At the time of making a purchase agreement with a vendor, what is important to mention about inspection?

the characteristics of the product that are to be inspected
the tolerances that would be allowed
the reputation of the vendor
a & b both

"Poka-yoke" is the Japanese term for ______________

Card
Fool proof
Continuous improvement
Fishbone diagram

Based on his 14 Points, Deming is a strong proponent of ______________

inspection at the end of the production process
an increase in numerical quotas to boost productivity
looking for the cheapest supplier
training and knowledge

A fishbone diagram is also known as a .______________

cause-and-effect diagram
poka-yoke diagram
Kaizen diagram
Taguchi diagram

According to Deming most of the problems are related to systems and it is the responsibility of the management to improve the systems

correct
correct to some extent
correct to great extent
Taguchi

A maturity model can be used as a benchmark for comparison and as an aid to understanding

TRUE
FALSE
depends
can not say

fourteen points framework for quality and productivity improvement was suggested by ______________

Crosby
Ishikawa
Deming
Juran

Juran Quality trilogy emphasizes the roles of quality planning, quality control and ______________

Quality Definition
Quality enhancement
Quality improvement
quality maintenance

Quality Circles members are ______________

Paid according to their contribution to quality
External consultants designed to provide training in the use of Quality tools
Always machine operators
None of the three.

Identify the cost not likely to reduce as a result of better quality.

Maintenance costs
Inspection costs
Scrap costs
Warranty and service costs

Costs of dissatisfaction, repair costs, and warranty costs are elements of cost in the ______________

Taguchi Loss Function
Pareto Chart
ISO 9000 Quality Cost Calculator
Process Chart

Kaizen is a Japanese term meaning ______________

continuous improvement
Just-in-time (JIT)
a fishbone diagram
setting standards

Quality management includes forming and directing a team of people to achieve a qualitative goal within an effective cost and time frame that results ...

a project completed in shortest possible time.
a product or service that conforms to the required specifications.
an award-winning product that brings public recognition to the project
an innovative project that establishes qualification of the project team

establishing measurements based on customer needs for optimizing product design is known as ______________

Quality planning
quality improvement
quality control
Quality planning roadmap

DMAIC is ______________

develop, multiply, analyze, improve, check
define, muliply, analyze, improve, control
define, measure, analyze, improve, control
define, manufacture, analyze, improve, control

Quality fulfills a need or expectation that is:

Explicitly stated
Implied
Legally required
All of the above

The taste of burgers across all McDonald outlets should be same. This is an example of ______________.

Sensory critical to quality Characteristic
Physical critical to Quality Characteristic
Time Orientation critical to Quality Characteristic
None of the above

Check Sheet is used during ______________ stage of DMAIC.

Define
Measure
Analyze
Improve

______________ is the set of activities that ensures the quality levels of products and services are properly maintained and that supplier and custome...

Quality Assurance
Quality Planning
Quality Control
Quality Management

Presence of ______________ after every stage of DMAIC allows for review of project and incorporation of suggestions.

Review gate
Toll gate
Decision gate
None of the above

The Toyota Production System is based on two pillars namely and .

Kaizen, Six Sigma
Lean, Six Sigma
Just in Time, Jidoka
Just in Time, Kaizen

Which of the following is not a target of Total Quality Management:

Customer Satisfaction
Reducing manpower
Continuous Cost Reduction
Continuous Operational Improvement

Let there be a data set {200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208}. This data set can be represented using stem and leaf where the ______________ is 20 and...

Stem, Leaf
Leaf, Stem
Tree, Stem
Tree, Leaf

A ______________ diagram shows the location of defects in any unit. This diagram is used in the analyse step of DMAIC.

Affinity
Relations
Defect Concentration
Scatter

The ______________ is used to identify what might go wrong in a plan under development.

Pareto Chart
PDPC
Arrow Diagram
Matrix Diagram

The defect concentration diagram can be used in the ______________ stage of the DMAIC.

Define
Measure
Analyze
Improve

The taste of the burger can be categorized as good or bad This is an example of which type of data:

Variable
Attribute
Cannot be determined
None of the above

For a given sample size (n) and number of defects acceptable ©, the Average Total Inspection (of units) should ______________ with increase in N (lot...

Increase
Decrease
Remain Constant
None of the above

The pattern of continuous movement in one direction in a control chart is termed as:

Mixture
Cyclic Pattern
Trend
Stratification

Juran quality management philosophy is based on three pillars namely planning, control and ______________.

Implementation
Improvement
Monitor
Design

For a point in the control chart to be out of control, it must lie

Between Central Line and LCL
Between Central Line and UCL
None of the above
Above UCL or Below LCL

X bar should never be interpreted when:

R chart shows out of control points
X bar chart shows out of control points
The process mean is not known
None of the above

The average run length can be defined as:

The beta risk for an x bar chart
The expected number of samples taken before any shift in process quality is detected
The number of samples used in the construction of x bar chart
The number of items per sample

Consider the first method of p bar estimation where each sample is of varying size. If the 3rd sample has p bar =.01, and the sample size of the 3rd s...

.5
.6
.1 ( (p bar + 3∗ √p bar∗(1-p bar)/n) is a measure of the upper control limit)
None of the above

A major assumption for p chart is that all units produced are ______________.

Independent
Dependent
None of the above
Cannot be determined

Apart from Poisson distribution, another distribution that can be applied to events data is:

Normal Distribution
Geometric Distribution
Lognormal Distribution
Continuous Distribution

Which of the following is not true regarding when to select a p, c or u chart:

The process is a complex assembly operation and product quality is measured in terms of the occurrence of nonconformities, successful or unsuccessful product function, and so forth.
Process control is necessary, but measurement data cannot be obtained.
A historical summary of process performance is necessary.
Destructive testing (or such other expensive testing procedures) is required.

The dimension of reliability is concerned with:

How easy it is to repair the product
How long does the product last
Will the product do the intended job
How often does the product fail

From a consumer perspective quality is determined by while from a producers perspective quality is determined by .

Variability, Cost
Cost, Price
Price, Cost
Cost, Variability

The probability distribution function corresponding to tossing of a coin will be a:

Probability Density function
Probability Mass function
Probability Measurement function
Probability Cumulative Function

While the first generation of Six sigma focused on , the third generation of six sigma focused on .

Variability reduction, creating value
Variability reduction, improved business performance
Creating value, Improved business performance
None of the above

The standard normal distribution has mean= and standard deviation= .

1,0
0,1
0,0
1,1

A ______________ chart can be used to identify the most frequently occurring defect.

Pareto
Ishikawa
Histogram
Scatter

The main aim of QFD is to

Listen to the voice of customer
Lower cost
Reduce supplier defect
Reduce errors

Average Total Inspection is defined as:

Average of rejected lots and accepted lots
Average number of units inspected per lot
Average of rejected Lots
Average of accepted Lots

R charts are used for controlling ______________ of a process.

Central Tendency
Dispersion
None of the above
Both a and b

If the Average outgoing Quality is plotted against the Incoming Fraction Defective, the Average Outgoing Quality Limit is the ______________ point. ...

Highest
Lowest
Middle
Cannot be determined

For the above table, what is the value corresponding to the central line for the x bar chart?

10.08
10.05
9.89
9.78

The x bar chart monitors:

Between sample variability
Within sample variability
Instantaneous variability
Natural variability

In case someone is interested in process standard deviation, he should construct the ______________ chart.

X bar
R chart
S chart
None of the above

If data for MR chat shows non-normality, it is better to determine the control limits for the individuals control chart based on the ______________ of...

Percentage
Percentiles
Rank
Mean

A sample of size 10 contains 50 non-conformities. The average number of non-conformities is:

7
4
5
1

When the number of defects is low, which of the following is true:

We should use c or u chart
Most samples will have non-zero defects
Create a time between occurrence control chart
None of the above

Bias reflects the:

The differences in observed accuracy and/or precision experienced over the range of measurements made by the system.
The difference between observed measurements and a "true" value obtained from a master or gold standard
Different levels of variability in different operating regimes, resulting from warm-up effects, environmental factors, inconsistent operator performance
None of the above

If variability of a product decreases, its quality ______________

remains unchanged
decreases
increases
may increase or decrease

The focal point of all quality control should be:

Price focus
Cost Focus
Customer Focus
Manufacturing Focus

The key process input variables (KPIV) and key process output variables are developed during the ______________ phase.

Define
Analyze
Measure
Improve

An unbiased dice is rolled once. The probability of getting a number greater than 4 is:

1/4
1/6
1/2
1/3

Which of the following statement is false:

Important step of strategic quality management is identification of those dimensions in which the organization will compete
Selection of suppliers should be based on quality, schedule, and cost, rather than on cost alone
All of the individuals in the organization must have an understanding of the basic tools of quality improvement
Manufacturing Unit should be the unit focusing on Quality Improvement among all units in an organization

Cause and Effect Diagram can be used in the and step of DMAIC.

Define, Measure
Analyze, Control
Analyze, Improve
Define, Improve

Which of the following is false regarding when acceptance sampling is useful:

When testing is destructive
When 100% inspection cost is very low
When there are potentially serious product liability risk
When 100% inspection is not technically feasible

Let p0 be the incoming fraction defective and p1 be the outgoing fraction defective (Assume both p1 and p0 is greater than 0). If rectifying inspectio...

P0
P1
None of the above
Cannot be determined

A company wants to measure the length of a fan as a part of its quality control exercise. The type of data collected will be:

Variable
Attribute
Cannot be determined
None of the above

If only ______________ causes of variation are present, the output of a process forms a distribution that is table over time and is predictable.

Assignable
Non-Random
Natural
Cannot be said

For an x bar chart, β risk can be defined as:

The probability of detecting the shift in process mean from μo (in control value) to μ1
The probability of not detecting the shift in process mean from μ0 (in control value) to μ1
The probability of detecting the shift in process range from μ0 (in control value) to μ1
The probability of not detecting the shift in process range from μ0 (in control value) to μ1

Consider that for a process s bar (average standard deviation of 50 samples each of size 4) is found to be 10.04. The value of c4 (corresponding to sa...

10.91
11.89
12.67
9.67

The basic assumption of calculating the control limits based on average sample size (for a p chart) will ______________ from/as those previously obser...

Greatly differ
Will be exactly the same
Not greatly differ
None of the above

The g chart is the control chart for:

Average number of events
Total number of events
Mean number of events
None of the above

Attribute charts may be used when:

Several characteristics can be jointly measured
When one particular quality characteristic is of importance
Specific information like process mean is required
None of the above

The thickness of the blade of a fan is specified to lie between 4 cm and 6 cm. The length of the blades must lie between 10 cm and 20 cm. A fan blade ...

One
Two
There is no defect
Three

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Total Quality Management MCQs