Detailed Answer
Answer (D) is correct.
Benchmarking is a primary tool used in quality management. It is a
means of helping organizations with productivity management and
business process analysis. Benchmarking involves analysis and
measurement of key outputs against those of the best organizations. This
procedure also involves identifying the underlying key actions and
causes that contribute to the performance difference. The benchmark
need not be a competitor or even a similar entity. Process (function)
benchmarking studies operations of organizations with similar processes
regardless of industry. Thus, a comparison to procedures against the
check-in process for a major airline is an example of benchmarking