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Sarah Birdsong has prepared a net present value (NPV) analysis for a 15-year equipment modernization program. Her initial calculations include a series of depreciation tax savings, which are then discounted. Birdsong is now considering the incorporation of inflation into the NPV analysis. If the depreciation tax savings were based on original equipment cost, which of the following options correctly shows how she should handle the program’s cash operating costs and the firm’s required rate of return respectively?

Cash Operating Costs

Required Rate of Return